Book Bentos: 5 Tips to Make Them Better

Get the most out of your next book bento assignment

I now have two rounds of book bentos under my English teaching belt. Last fall, in my independent reading “Novels” class, I assigned book bentos for the first time. I learned quite a bit from that first encounter with this creative summative assessment and reflected on the whole experience with this blog post: Book Bentos: My First Attempt and What I’ll Do Differently Next Time. This post features links to resources, book bento examples, and a list of exactly what I decided to implement during my second attempt, which occurred at the end of third quarter.

A wall display of book bentos made by high school students.
My independent reading “Novels” classes created book bentos last fall and this spring. I displayed them in the hallway last week.

Two weeks ago, my spring semester “Novels” class tried their hand at book bentos. On this second encounter, I built on what I learned last fall. As a result, I truly feel the book bentos my students turned in this time were better designed and more meaningful. More importantly, they were still effective indicators of my students’ understanding of the themes and symbols found in their chosen books.

A stack of Jane Austen novels.
Photo: Leah Kelly on Pexels

In completing this second round of bentos, I can now confidently say that the book bento is a successful alternative to the traditional “book report.”

If you haven’t tried them yet, you should!

Here are my five tips for better books bentos:

  1. Schedule an in-class “photo day.” Last fall, my students created and photographed their bentos at home. While that was fine, I could tell some students likely waited until the last minute and rushed their photos.

Several were arranged in less-than-ideal ways or lacked objects that held significant meaning in their books. I vowed last fall to schedule an in-class “photo day” in the spring so students could have more guidance with photographing. I can see a big improvement over the fall bentos since I was able to help students arrange their objects and take their photos.

Here are two book bentos from my current spring “Novels” class… my second attempt at book bentos.

2. Use height to get a better photo. To take the photos, have students arrange their objects on a table and then take the photo while standing on a step ladder. Cell phones are great for these photos, but make sure students hold the phone perfectly level or be prepared to edit for the distorted angle.

3. Make sure students explain the significance of their bento items. As an alternative to using an app like ThingLink, I required each student to place their book bento photo into a Google Slides presentation and then follow up the photo slide with two more that explained the significance of each object followed by a student-written book review, respectively.

A photo of a Google Slide that contains an explanation of the objects in the student's book bento.
Here’s one student’s Google Slide that explains the objects in their book bento. This particular one is for Where the Crawdads Sing.

4. Place objects and books at ninety degree angles. Even though placing objects at ninety degree angles may seem like a natural thing to do, you might have to demonstrate exactly what you mean to your students. When the objects are haphazardly scattered in the bento, the result is merely a collection of items related to a book, and not a stylish interpretation.

5. Print out a colorful cover of the book. Not all books your students will be reading will have an eye-catching cover. This was the case with the two book bentos above. One student was reading an electronic version of Eighth Grade Bites and the other student had already returned Where the Crawdads Sing to the library. If you have a student without the physical book, find a colorful image online, print out a color copy, and tape it to another similar-sized book.

Find my easy-peasy instructions for book bentos here on TpT.

I project these instructions, which include the five tips above plus a few others, while students work and I also provide them as a handout. There’s also an example bento, the one I made for students for The Diary of Anne Frank.

The Diary of Anne Frank book bento
Here’s the bento I made as an example for my students.

I hope these book bento tips come in handy for you!

Sometimes it seems that students might benefit more from showing their understanding in a more unconventional way than an essay. Book bentos are perfect for that and this spring, that’s especially the case as students look forward to the end of a most unusual school year.

A picture of a high school graduate.
Photo by Anand Sundram on Pexels.com

All of the book bentos shown in this post were created by seniors who will be graduating in about two short months!

As you can imagine, creating a book bento was a welcome option for these students in the final two months of their public school education.

If you have a similar situation, think about trying book bentos!

Happy bento-making!


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How to Make Student Writing More Specific

It means to “name things”

This week, I’m republishing one of the best posts from my blog… it’s all about how to make student writing more specific. However, even though it’s one of my best posts, it doesn’t rank in my Top 12. And if you’re wondering why, here’s the reason: searchability. Because there are so many ways that teachers can word their online searches for how to teach specificity in writing, I’ve found it hard to create a searchable title for this post. The title you see above is my latest iteration.

So that’s why I just keep publishing it about once a year, tweaking the title each time just a bit. Here’s a video to explain:

So, for the third time, here’s my post about the best way I’ve found to teach kids what “be specific” means.

I can’t tell you how many times I’ve written “Be specific” on my students’ essays, poems, and narratives. They know the importance of adding relevant details and crystal clear descriptions to their writing. We talk about it all the time, after all. In fact, “add more detail” and “be more descriptive” are the top two comments I hear them saying to each other during peer review groups. However, for some reason, kids still often neglect to be specific.

Maybe they don’t recognize “vagueness” in their own writing. Maybe they’re in a rush and don’t see the value in taking the extra time that being specific takes.

 Maybe it’s late the night before their essay is due and, as a result, they’ve lowered their standards.

The loosey-goosey thoughts that make it into their first drafts—however general and lackluster— are good enough to turn in at the last minute. Whatever.

Last fall, I came upon a chapter in Bill Roorbach’s Writing Life Stories and discovered a helpful section on the merits of being specific in writing. By “being specific” Roorbach means putting a name to the objects, things and people in our writing.

Bill Roorbach's book, Writing Life Stories: How to Make Memories into Memoirs, Ideas into Essays, and Life into Literature
This is an awesome book that I’ve found helpful (like REALLY helpful) in my classroom.

For example, if one mentions a tree, Roorbach suggests being exact. Is it an oak? maple? pine? If possible, he suggests going further. Is it a chinquapin oak? silver-leaf maple? lodgepole pine? If one mentions Dad’s car, Roorbach suggests identifying the exact car: Dad’s brown 1995 Subaru Forester or his sleek, brand-new silver Prius.

Roorbach stresses that “naming is knowing.” Putting a clear and precise label to the objects in our writing lends credibility and a subtle authenticism to our writing. (He also discusses how determining the exact name of something—a particular flower, for example—may help writers discover unexpected revelations about their pasts. Seriously, check out this book!)

I notice that in my own writing I will often add the specific labels to things on the later drafts of a piece. I often do this work intentionally, taking care to notice generalities as I read and re-read, and re-read again.

It’s amazing how much richer and concrete and visible my writing is when I follow Roorbach’s advice and specifically name things in my own writing.

So with Roorbach’s book in hand, I created a mini-lesson for class. Maybe this time, I thought, with the help of Roorbach’s down-to-earth and eloquent text, students will understand what I mean when I write “Be specific” in the margins of their papers.

For the mini-lesson, I decided to read aloud from Roorbach’s “Naming is Knowing” exercise. Everyone agreed that the specific examples given in the text were effective revisions of the more general originals.

I asked the kids to keep this in mind as they wrote that day…

“Don’t just say that you put on your clothes; be specific. Name the clothes. Say you put on your bright white NASA hoodie and a faded pair of jeans. “

About two days later, a student named Jacob dropped a “Happiness Is When” poem into my second drafts box during writer’s workshop. I read it, noticing that it was about a trip to Florida he took last summer with his family. The poem mentioned finding “a coin,” “finding “a food,” and visiting “the museum” and finding “something” there.

Here we go again, I thought. More vague writing.

I asked Jacob, “Remember when we talked a couple of days ago about how it makes sense to be as specific as possible and put a name to things when we write so readers can visualize our stories better?” He nodded. I inquired what kind of coin he found; he replied “a Spanish medallion.” I asked him what exactly he found at the museum; he said “a Honus Wagner baseball card.” I asked him about the food mentioned in the poem; he replied “chicken Alfredo.”

Try naming those things in your poem, I suggested.

He returned several minutes later with another draft, this one much more specific, much more visual, and much more effective.

“Yes! You did it!” I told him after reading his revision. “This is what we were talking about!”

I asked him if I could use his drafts in class the next day to show everyone how much more visual his second draft was. He agreed and printed copies of his poem’s “before and after” versions.

I placed them side by side on a sheet of paper and ran off copies for everyone. The following day we revisited our “naming” lesson and with Jacob’s poems in front of them, everyone readily was able to see the difference between vague writing and specific writing: it all has to do with naming things.

A student's before and after poems. The after poem names things that were vaguely mentioned in the before poem.

The next day, I asked Jacob to read both poems aloud. After that, we all discussed how effective the changes were and the consensus was that the “after” version was definitely the draft we all preferred. Why? Because we could visualize the Spanish medallion (someone said it was probably all crusty and gross) much more clearly than we could visualize a coin. We could taste the chicken Alfredo. And of course, we all knew that a Lamborghini is the ultimate fancy car.

Of course, being seventh-graders, the added details spurred conversations about coins that kids had found or lost. Practically every kid in the room said they loved chicken Alfredo.

I guess all that conversation proves that specific writing resonates.

Being specific helps readers connect better with the writing and, in the end, that’s what it’s all about.

A slide with the author Bill Roorbach's advice, "Even the smallest exactitude can lead to greater revelation."
I made this slide on my Smartboard using ia quote from the exercise on “Naming is Knowing” in Bill Roorbach’s book, Writing Life Stories.

One student asked,  “What if the extra detail seems distracting?”

I acknowledged her smart observation and advised her to play around with being specific. Yes, it’s entirely possible to have misplaced detail, I told her. If that’s the case, she as the writer then has a decision to make. For example, if it seems distracting and irrelevant to know that you wore a bright white NASA hoodie, then leave it out and go general.

But try naming and being specific first, I told her because you never know until you try. Plus, you can always change it back later, I added.

I feel as if I’ve finally hit on something when it comes to teaching kids to write specifically: it’s about naming things.

Since teaching this “Naming is Knowing” mini-lesson—with the help of Roorbach and Jacob’s examples— my students better understand how to add relevant, visual details and names to the people and objects in their writing.

It’s nice to know that they finally understand what “Be specific” really means.


Thanks for reading again this week! If you’ve found this post helpful, drop a comment below or contact me via my Contact page. Who knew that having seventh graders write a “Happiness Is…” poem would yield such an effective lesson that transfers so easily to other genres!

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Ralph Waldo Emerson for High School Students

Winter photos show Emerson’s “perfect exhilaration”

A recent snow day activity has sparked my curiosity about the possibilities of combining student photography with reading.

Here’s the story. Our school was closed all week two weeks ago due to snow, rain, and sub-zero temperatures that descended on our region (and a large swath of the country) for several days.

For an area that might see only about three to four inches of snow in total during a typical winter, the extra snow plus the extreme temperatures made this particular storm one for the record books.

During our week at home, the Transcendentalism unit my juniors were studying was put on pause… except for the day I asked them to venture outside to find and photograph the “perfect exhilaration” Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote of in his essay titled, “Nature.”

Bulletin board of outdoor photos taken in an high school English classroom.
I printed out students’ photos and created this bulletin board for the duration of our unit on Transcendentalism.

Download these Emerson quote posters for your bulletin board!

In “Nature,” Emerson writes of the divine spirit each person experiences when they spend time in nature. I hoped that asking students to go outside, take a walk, and capture images of nature — in its beautiful as well as not so beautiful moments — would help them to connect better with Emerson’s influential essay.

Here’s a favorite passage:

“Crossing a bare common, in snow puddles, at twilight, under a clouded sky, without having in my thoughts any occurrence of special good fortune, I have enjoyed a perfect exhilaration. I am glad to the brink of fear.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson in “Nature”

Each student took a photo and submitted it on Google Classroom or emailed it to me. I was impressed with the variety of photos turned in and the compositions on several.

Nature doesn’t have to be beautiful to be appreciated. Even ordinary sights can be majestic when viewed through the lens of Transcendentalism. In fact, nature is where we can feel the most alive, perceptive, and part of a larger cosmos.

“I am not alone and unacknowledged.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s “Nature”

“The waving of the boughs in the storm is new to me and old. It takes me by surprise, and yet is not unknown. Its effect is like that of a higher thought or a better emotion coming over me; when I deemed I was thinking justly or doing right.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson’s “Nature”

There are so many distractions to keep us indoors — such as writing this blog post on a Saturday afternoon LOL! And even though many of my students naturally go outside to tend livestock and perform other chores, encouraging them to notice nature seemed both necessary and appropriate considering our recent Emerson readings.

By now, obviously, all that snow has melted and magically disappeared. The temperatures have risen back to the mid-50s. It’s a different world… one that may appear more typically beautiful, but one that in Emerson’s eyes wouldn’t have been more beautiful, just different.

The possibilities of photography

This snow day activity has prompted me to further consider more possible uses of photography in my high school English classes. Are there other ways I can combine student photography with reading and writing?

Besides creativity, could photography provide another way to engage students, build relevancy, and add another medium to the ELA mix?

A copy of "The Essential Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson"

After all, with cell phones in nearly every student’s hand, the inclusion of photography seems like an obvious and convenient extension to reading and writing tasks. Here’s how Annenberg Learner’s PD website puts it:

“Photographs have changed the way we see ourselves — and the world. Whether a creative expression, a captured moment, or a deliberate document of a time, place, or event, images give us a way to see things we may otherwise not see — especially if we take the time to look closely.”

“Essential Lens: Analyzing Photographs Across the Curriculum,”
Marilyn Yung

To see things we may otherwise not see and to examine more closely… those were exactly my goals with this snow day activity. My new thoughts about photography and how to incorporate it more often in ELA was an unexpected bonus.

Do you incorporate photography in your ELA classes? If so, feel free to share your ideas and experiences in a comment below or by leaving a message via my contact page!

Note: Student photos used with permission.


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Treasured Object Photo how-to guidesheet
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Into the Wild Movie Guide cover

ELA Brave and True


Ekphrastic Poetry Video Resources for Students

Inspire ekphrastic poetry with these virtual videos

Ekphrastic poetry is a fresh, creative way to integrate more art content into your English class. After all, for many students, art sits on the back burner in their academic world.

Think about it: there’s a reason art and music classes are called “specials.” They’re considered superfluous, “extra,” not really that necessary.

However, I beg to differ.

“The arts challenge us with different points of view, compel us to empathize with ‘others,’ and give us the opportunity to reflect on the human condition,” write Brian Kisida and Daniel Bowen of The Brookings Institution in their article, New Evidence of the Benefits of Arts Education. To be sure, empathy and other soft skills, such as understanding and tolerance for ideas different from our own, are always in demand.

Enter ekphrastic poetry.

I’ve already experimented with ekphrastic poetry this school year by incorporating ekphrasis into my high school writer’s workshop and also in 50-minute lessons.

But recently, while searching for a variety of resources for a Transcendentalism unit, I wished to incorporate some artwork alongside the writing of the Transcendental trio, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whitman.

I wanted to do more than just read those foundational essays. I wanted students to experience beautiful landscape paintings and then merge those paintings with their own budding poetry skills.

Pairing Transcendental authors with the Hudson River School (HRS) artists was a no-brainer. After all, “…Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and the Hudson River School helped shape an emerging national identity,” writes Max Oelschlaeger in “The Roots of Preservation” from the National Humanities Center. 

Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art offers virtual reality videos for ekphrastic poetry.
The Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas | Read my Medium article, “There are no crystal bridges at Crystal Bridges… and other thoughts about the best art museum you’ve probably never heard of”

In my search for resources, I came across these three amazing virtual reality videos from the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Ark.

I was immediately taken by the quality and immersive experience of these videos. Plus, at three minutes in length, they’re practical for a mini-lesson or an extended lesson in a 50-60 minute class period.

These 3-min. virtual reality art videos allow your students to:

  • enter a painting to experience its history from the inside out, including the social context that influenced its creation
  • gain interesting details about artistic techniques
  • learn about the artists, their motivations, and creative processes
  • be inspired as they compose their own ekphrastic poems

While I’ll be posting soon on the ekphrastic poems my students will write based on Kindred Spirits, the masterpiece by HRS mainstay Asher B. Durand, I thought I would provide you this week with links to these incredible videos provided by the museum.

1. Our Town by Kerry James Marshall

Any of these videos would inspire an interesting poetry activity that could be used to supplement a related literature unit.

2. Kindred Spirits by Asher B. Durand

Each of these videos is three to four minutes in length… an ideal length for an initial “cold” viewing followed up by a second viewing before beginning to write.

3. Glass and Bottle by Suzy Frelinghuysen

The Glass and Bottle video discusses Cubism in an accessible way. Your students will be amazed at how the shapes in the painting are separated into 3-D layers before their eyes. It’s a mesmerizing three minutes!

By the way, if you’ve never visited Crystal Bridges…

…you should put it on your calendar for a future excursion.

It’s truly a world-class museum. Founded by Walmart-heiress Alice Walton, the museum brings world-class masterpieces to the underserved areas of northwestern Arkansas, northeastern Oklahoma, and southwest Missouri.

Fiber "We the People" artwork by Nari Ward hangs at Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art. This piece would make a great ekphrastic poem.
We the People by Nari Ward | Photo: Steven Zucker/Smarthistory | License

Side Note: About two years ago, I supervised a middle school field trip to Crystal Bridges. (It was a well-organized, thoughtful tour provided at no charge to students or our school, by the way.) The tour paired fascinating artworks with engaging, brief writing activities… plus lunch! I highly recommend.


So, after watching one of these videos, then what do students do?!

If you hear “Now what?” after watching one of these videos, suggest three approaches to your students for writing an ekphrastic poem. Here they are:

  1. Describe the artwork. Art blogger Martyn Crucefix suggests this simplest way of ekphrastic poetry writing. Describe what you see… colors, shapes, subject matter.
  2. Describe but also imagine. Crucefix suggests responding to questions posed by the painting. Is there a road in the painting? Write about where it might lead. Is there an interesting character in the painting? Make up a story about who he or she may be.
  3. Describe but also incorporate artist information. Do a quick Google search to discover the context of the work. Use those details in the poem.

There are many ways for students to connect “ekphrastically” with artworks, but for now, try these three to get your students started.

I hope this post offers you some practical and easy ways to explore ekphrastic poetry with your students. It’s an area that excites me. As the wife of a ceramic artist and college art professor, and mother to a budding portrait photographer (my son) and art history graduate student (my daughter), the arts are integral to my life.

Check out my other posts on ekphrastic poetry:



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Treasured Object Poem assignment sheet
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Holy On-Time Homework, Batman!

How I got my students to turn in their assignments on time

Do missing homework assignments drive you crazy? Yeah, me too.

Last fall, less than half of my students regularly turned in their homework on time.—even with the full week I give them to do it. (It’s assigned on a Tuesday and due the following Tuesday, and we’ll often have part of one class time to work on it.)

Y’know how it goes… a handful of students are always on time, if not early. Another handful wait until the last minute and turn in nearly everything the day before grades are due. And then a large swath of students in the middle consistently turn in their work a week or two late (and sometimes later than that).

I could blame Covid-19 for the low on-time rate last fall. However, my school is nearly entirely in-person. I only have about five students who have chosen to learn remotely.

And it’s been this way since August. In addition, during the previous school year, late work had been just as rampant.

In any case, most students just wouldn’t complete on-time the single homework task I assigned each week to my juniors and seniors: a one-page response to an Article of the Week.

So, in January, right at the beginning of this semester, I experimented with a new trick. (And I’m not sure how I came up with this idea, but it was probably while doing something totally unrelated to teaching like rolling the Dumpster to the curb or reaching for a new bottle of Gain at Walmart.)

Anyway, here’s my new trick, which everyone knows is my new normal:

I delete the assignment from Google Classroom at the end of the day.

Yes, it’s that simple. However, before deleting it, I also do this:

  1. I make sure I have both a printed hard copy of each student’s response as well as a digital file submitted on Google Classroom. For the time being, I ask students to turn in both. (I think responding to a paper copy is more effective and “real” than offering feedback on-screen in a Google doc. I know it’s redundant, but I simply prefer paper.)
  2. After making sure I have both a hard and soft copy, I return their digital file. There’s no grading at this point; I simply return it. (So, yes, there’s no real point in having students turn in their responses on Google Classroom, since I do receive a paper copy; however, when students know the opportunity to turn it in will go away, they’re more conscientious.)
  3. Then, I delete the assignment from Google Classroom.
  4. Finally, in our school’s Lumen Touch system, I award ten points to each student who turned in their assignment, which is essentially a first draft, by the end of the day.
Image by Andrew Martin from Pixabay

That evening or over the next day or two, I provide brief feedback on the printed hard copies of their responses. Over the next day or two, I return these to them personally in class. When I pass these back (usually while students are doing their bellwork), I can briefly conference with them regarding the changes that need to be made in their final drafts, which are due on or by the end of the week.

And if you’re wondering how I provide feedback on all those first drafts so quickly, here’s the thing:

Giving feedback on these first drafts is SO MUCH FASTER when I’m not assigning a grade.

I don’t know why, but it seems when I must assign a grade, I spend a significantly longer amount of time doing so.

At the end of the week, students turn in their revised final drafts ALONG WITH their marked-up first drafts. If I see a student has made the suggested improvements noted on their first draft, they earn full points. If not, I adjust accordingly by knocking off a point or two based on the rubric for that week.

Promise: it’s not as complicated as it may sound. But even if it was complicated, I guess I don’t care because…

— cue the angels — IT’S WORKING!

Image by LoggaWiggler from Pixabay

Since I’ve adopted this new method, 85 to 90 percent of my students (as in, for example, 27 out of 30 juniors and about that many seniors–yes, it’s a small school!) turn in those first drafts on time!

As a result, many more students are getting feedback on their writing.

In addition, they’re eager to turn in their final drafts at the end of the week where they know they’ll likely earn full credit, assuming they make the needed improvements.

It’s been a resounding success. Even those students who are perpetually late are turning their first drafts in on time. When students have a marked-up first draft to build on for their final draft, the quality of their writing can’t help but improve.

Image by Andrew Martin from Pixabay

Apparently, there’s something about knowing an assignment will disappear.

It’s more urgent. When students know that an opportunity for a guaranteed 100% grade on their first draft will “go away” at the end of the day, it seems they don’t want to waste that opportunity. In short, they take notice.

Another note: in the past I’ve always allowed students the choice to revise their AOW responses to earn more points. Now, with a required final draft built into the process, each student automatically revises and generates a final draft.

So, in the end, more students are turning in first drafts, which means more students are revising and, as a result, turning in better quality final drafts.

My new policy isn’t rocket science. | John Carkeet, CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

This method isn’t rocket science, and it isn’t perfect or even novel. I could just be seriously behind the curve on figuring out this particular aspect of student accountability.

However, I do know it has increased the amount of on-time homework turned in by my students.

What about you? How do you encourage more timely homework assignments from your students? Leave a comment below or use my Contact page to share your ideas.


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New Writing Contest for Students Grades 6-12

Students explore “family” in this new writing contest

Attention U.S. and international teachers!

It’s super exciting to find a new student writing contest to tell you about, so last week, when I received word about a brand new one, I quickly penciled it into my blogging schedule.

I can’t tell you how big a fan I am of writing contests! In fact, there are all kinds of benefits to assigning an essay contest to your students. More like mini-PBL projects, writing contests encourage students to take advantage of the autonomy and creativity offered within the judges’ criteria. Read here for my gradually growing list of student writing contests.

Students prepares for writing contest.
More like mini-PBL projects, writing contests encourage students to take advantage of the autonomy and creativity offered within the judges’ criteria..

However, this school year has been a real bummer in that a couple of my go-to regional writing contests were cancelled due to Covid-19 complications.

That’s a shame, in my view, but it’s all the more reason to inform you about a new contest when one comes along. And here it is:

The Principia Perspectives Writing Contest

This new student writing contest is sponsored by McLean, Virginia-based Principia Tutors and Consultants, which offers test prep, academic classes and tutoring, and college consulting.

Principia Perspectives hosts this webpage about their middle and high school students.
This movie can help students test and practice their nonfiction muscles.

According to the contest page on the company’s website, “At Principia, we’ve long heralded the importance of reflection through writing. After helping numerous students enter (and win!) many other writing contests, we’ve decided to start our first annual Principia Perspectives Writing Contest.”

During a year when so many events have been cancelled, it was nice to hear about one beginning from the Principia team! Consider adding this contest to your plans in the coming weeks.

Students write about "family" in this new high school writing contest.
Your students must somehow address “family” in their writing. | Photo by August de Richelieu on Pexels.com

But first, the basics about this contest:

  • Who’s eligible: Grades 6-8 in the middle school contest; 9-12 for high school
  • Open to U.S. and international students (Entries must be in English.)
  • Fee: None
  • Deadline: April 30
  • Word count: 400-600 for middle school; 500-800 for high school
  • Genre: Creative nonfiction
    • Use this contest to explore this fast-growing genre. According to the Creative Nonfiction Foundation, “In some ways, creative nonfiction is like jazz—it’s a rich mix of flavors, ideas, and techniques, some of which are newly invented and others as old as writing itself.
    • As defined on CNF’s About page, “Creative nonfiction can be an essay, a journal article, a research paper, a memoir, or a poem; it can be personal or not, or it can be all of these.
  • Theme or Prompt: Family

The prompt for this new contest centers on “family.”

“For the 2021 competition, reflect on the theme of family. What have you learned about the role of family? What stories define family for you? Creatively explore this topic using 400-600 words for middle school students and 500-800 words for high school students. A winner, runner-up, and honorable mentions will be selected for each category.”

Principia Perspectives Writing Contest

Notification and awards

Prizes: For both age divisions, winners will receive online publication plus a monetary award: $200 for first place and $50 for second place. In addition, honorable mention winners will receive ten “family-related works of fiction and non-fiction.” Click here for rules and guidelines.

Award Notification: June 1

For more information:

Consult the Principia Perspectives contest website and then… encourage all your students to participate. Contests can be a great way to instill writing confidence in all your students.

Thanks for reading again this week! Please leave a message in the comments below or reach me via my Contact page for more details or if you have a question. Or visit the Principia Perspectives contest page.


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My Slightly Odd Teacher Self-Care Routine

You gotta do what you gotta do

Why is it that when you actually want students to talk, they won’t?

I can’t tell you how many times this year I’ve posed a question or idea to my high school students only to be met with anywhere from ten to twenty students staring back at me in silence.

And then they sink into their desks… and disappear under the Formica veneer.

When high school students hide behind a stack of books, it causes teachers to need teacher self-care.
The high school disappearing act. | Photo by Feliphe Schiarolli on Unsplash

And I’m not the only high school teacher to notice this. Other teachers in the private Facebook groups I follow have recently discussed this silent phenomenon among groups of students in their own classes. (Is it Covid-19? Do they text so much that they’re uncomfortable talking? Who knows.)

Trust me. I’m getting to the self-care part of this post.

Regardless, to a teacher new to high school like me (this is my second year teaching juniors and seniors), a student’s desire to be seemingly invisible can be mistaken for boredom and disinterest. And yes, some are bored. You can’t please everyone.

However, in general, I believe most high school students are not bored. In fact, I believe they want to be in school; some just don’t want to show it. That’s because if they show it, they might be called on.

And that would be bad, because then they might stand out, be different, or appear that they don’t have all the answers.

When I think back to my own high school years — forty years ago, mind you — I remember feeling this way at times. And because it was that long ago, I tend to believe this is not a Covid-19 or texting/social media phenomenon as much as it’s just teenagers being teenagers.

High school students sitting in a classroom.
These kids just haven’t sunk into their desks yet, but it’s comin’. | Photo: Unsplash

I also remember a teacher whom I now realize was probably experiencing this same issue: Ms. Sams. She was my freshman and sophomore English teacher and everyday at the beginning of third hour, she would bewilder me with her enthusiasm.

As the final bell rang, Ms. Sams would close the door and march across the room to her desk, chanting, “Okay, let’s go! Let’s go! Lots to do! Let’s hop to it!” I remember the “Ms. Sams strut” would happen nearly everyday. She wasn’t loud or obnoxious about it either.

This photo of a smiling teacher reminds me of Ms. Sams being in her "zone." Teacher self-care starts with having your own "zone."
This stock photo reminds me of Ms. Sams and her “zone.” | Photo by Christina Morillo from Pexels

In fact, it was almost as if her “show” was mainly for her own enjoyment.

At the time, I remember thinking, “Wow, she’s so energetic. That’s so weird.” And frankly, it was a little quirky, a little odd. She was so in her zone, I thought.

But now, as a high school teacher myself, I totally get what Ms. Sams was up to.

She was just doing what she had to do to generate some positive energy amidst a group of silent, unresponsive, mostly insecure high schoolers.

So now, many years later, I’m diving into my own Ms. Sams-inspired zone under the name of “teacher self-care.”

A woman with cucumber slices on her eyes practices teacher self-care.
Look! A trendy self-care photo. | Photo: Pixabay

And yes, I’ve got my bases covered to meet students halfway. I’m doing my best to provide relevant projects and assignments. I also make sure my students feel secure and confident in my classroom and able to freely speak their minds.

After all, I understand how introverts or quiet students may not be tuned into my need for excitement in the classroom. As educator Christina Torres writes in this Education Week article, teachers should not mistake silence for apathy. She adds that other factors may be at play in why students don’t contribute, such as family strife, mental health needs, or cultural norms.

But here’s the thing: I can’t wait on my students to talk. Whatever the reason for their silence, I need some pep.

It’s time for me to look after me. Y’know, emulate Ms. Sams, show a little oddball enthusiasm, and — in the words of Dory from Finding Nemo — just keep swimming.

So without further ado, here are the six slightly odd self-care things I do to energize my day with high schoolers:

1. Clap.

An audience clapping reminds me of how I clap... a form of my own brand of teacher self-care.
Definitely not my class. These people actually want to be noticed. | Photo: Unsplash

Simple enough, right? At the beginning of most classes, I do my best impression of Ms. Sams. After closing the door, I walk across the room, and clap a few times on the way to my desk to take roll. I add an “Okay! Let’s go! Lots to do today!” just to get things rolling.

Then as I scan through my lesson plan, I’ll sometimes do a series of five claps in a pattern something like this: clap-clap (pause) clap-clap-clap. It’s kinda catchy. And by that, I mean that it catches the attention of one or two students who raise their eyebrows and shake their heads as if to say There she goes again.

And often, all that clapping will even lead to (you guessed it) the occasional…

2. Cheer.

Cheerleaders cheering remind me of my own teacher self-care when I cheer in class.
This is definitely not me. | Photo by Rojan Maharjan on Unsplash

All that clapping makes me feel energetic. And we’ve made it to the beginning of another class, so why not acknowledge the moment?! In my senior British Literature class, there’s nothing like a little:

Faustus! (clap clap)

Faustus! (clap clap)

We (clap)

Want (clap)

Faustus! (clap clap)

Now, mind you, I don’t yell. (Or wear a cheer skirt, thank goodness.) But I do speak these cheery things out loud. In high school, and especially in a class full of silent seniors, you gotta do what you gotta do. And you know what? Cheering does help because occasionally someone sitting out there in their desk will acknowledge my enthusiasm with a return clap or a quiet “Woo-hoo!” and that is literally music to my ears.

3. Say the breakfast menu loudly in an Italian accent.

A plate of waffles. I announce the breakfast menu in an Italian accent... a weird kind of teacher self-care.
While our students do have waffles for breakfast, they do not look like this. Use your imagination, please. | Photo by Jodie Morgan on Unsplash

At our school, students eat breakfast in their first hour class. This is a change our district made a few years ago to encourage kids to fuel up for the day. Every morning right after the Pledge of Allegiance, Gloria from the kitchen enters the room and says, for example, “Pancakes and sausage!” And that’s when I follow up with “Pancakes-uh and Sausage-uh!” in my best (or worst, actually) appropriation of one of the world’s most beautiful languages.

And yep, this one’s all for me. No one says anything. They’re socializing, catching up on the previous night’s activities, or digging through their backpacks. No one is really even paying attention, thank goodness. It’s just me reminding myself to have fun amidst the business of “school.”

4. Moisturize.

A box of moisturizer is another kind of teacher self-care.
This is my box of moisturizers and aromatherapy lotions.

I religiously (okay, addictively) apply hand aromatherapeutic moisturizer. I keep a box of masculine and feminine “flavors” on my desk that students are welcome to use. It’s a simple, fragrance-filled pick-me-up whenever I need it, which is about four to fives times a day. My favorite scent lately has been Twisted Pepper Mint from Bath & Body Works.

5. Freshen up the room.

Assorted essential oils are another form of teacher self-care.
My favorite scent for my room is peppermint. | Photo by Jaron Whelan on Unsplash

Speaking of peppermint, I also sprinkle one or two drops of peppermint oil into a glowing oil diffuser in my classroom. Peppermint is a natural pick-me-up. It also helps with focus, clears one’s mind, “and is extremely uplifting,” according to New York City aromatherapist Amy Galper. As a result, my classroom smells clean and fresh. When students enter my room, they often comment on how good it smells and this makes me smile. It’s the little things, right?!

6. Play some jazz.

Cool jazz playlist is another form of teacher self-care.
Jazz in the Background playlist on Spotify

I’ve always liked to play instrumental jazz quietly (as in really, really quietly) in my classroom. Recently, my son recommended the perfect Spotify playlist: Jazz in the Background. The music is what I like to call “invisible.” It can play without being disruptive. In fact, nearly every song on the list is perfect. I skip only one or two saxophone-heavy songs if I can conveniently get to my computer to do so. But for the most part, this list is the ideal one to add some spirit to a slow-moving, quiet classroom, while adding a nice chill vibe at the same time.

And those are the six slightly odd steps in my self-care routine. What do you practice to make your teaching job more rewarding? Got any quirks that only your students know about? Feel free to share by leaving a comment!


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My Top 12 Posts of 2020

The most read posts of the most tumultuous year

The year of 2020 was a doozy, wasn’t it?! Even with the pandemic, distance learning, masks in the classroom, new policies regarding due dates, attendance and whatnot, you and I both made it through! (And, frankly, I’m starting to think that 2021 may yield its own share of dooziness, unfortunately.)

But just think… we’re more than halfway through this crazy school year, so let’s rejoice!

To celebrate, I packed this post with the links to my most-visited articles of 2020. Out of the nearly 250 posts I’ve written since starting this site in May 2017, the twelve posts below are those that you and other readers sought out and read the most over the past year.

Photo by Lidya Nada on Unsplash

So… THANK YOU!

I know what it’s like when you need a quick idea or want to learn how another teacher approached a certain novel or writing task in her classroom: you ask a teacher-friend, do a Google search, post in your Facebook group, or visit a trusted teacher website… like mine! So THANK YOU!

Without further ado, here are my top twelve posts of 2020!

Where I'm From Poems photo of George Ella Lyon

1. Where I’m From Poems

Each spring, my sixth-grade students write their own “Where I’m From” poems. These poems never fail to produce highly personal, touching, and honest poems.

I always display the students’  work in the hallway or on a bulletin board so everyone can read them. Students are drawn to these simple little poems that can’t help but be packed with imagery and sensory language. In fact, just last week, one of my eighth-grade students mentioned that it was one of her favorite things she had written in my class…

A firework sparkler for Exploding A Moment with Barry Lane

2. “Exploding a Moment” with Barry Lane

This post shows how I modified my middle school “explode a moment” how-to lesson for high school students.

“Exploding a moment “ is what writing teacher Barry Lane calls it when writers take an important moment from a narrative and approach it like a filmmaker treats an important movie in a film… in slow motion. When we visualize the moment in slow motion and then describe the moment in slow motion, we automatically describe it in such detail that the reader views the event with the same intensity and importance that the writer does…

A student writes her one-word summary in a notebook

3. The One-Word Summary

One of my favorite activities to do in my language arts classes is to assign one-word summaries. These quick assignments are an easy way to encourage kids to think deeply about a text, including its theme or gist.

I assign one-word summaries for literature or informational text, for short articles or longer passages, or even whole books. I assigned a one-word summary to my eighth-graders about a week ago after…

A photo of an AOW assignment shown on a computer screen

4. My Number-One Most Effective Writing Assignment: Gallagher’s AOW

If there’s one assignment I would never give up it would be the AOW, the Article of the Week. Gotta have it. Gotta do it. I can’t imagine teaching without it.

You may have heard of AOWs. They’re pretty well-known among English teachers. They were developed by Kelly Gallagher, a high school language arts teacher in Anaheim, Calif. He’s written books such as Teaching Adolescent WritersWrite Like This, and Readicide.

Gallagher developed the Article of the Week assignment to help students gain more background knowledge about politics, history, current events… in short, the world around them. When I took Gallagher’s cue and began…

A photo of a copy of The Red Badge of Courage

5. My First Attempt at Teaching The Red Badge of Courage: It Is What It Is

Yes, it is dry and monotonous at times.  Those chapters where the main character Henry Fleming waits for directions, waits for battle, waits for any indication of progress in the war, do get long. However, as we learn from Fleming, that’s part of the war experience. The Civil War experience, to be exact. And yes, the Civil War was a long time ago, so maybe the book’s monotonous chapters and the book’s antiquated language and style (it was first published in 1895, after all) turns off some teachers.

But this little book – there are 24 chapters each about five pages in length – has merit if you look for it…

A photo of the book Chasing Lincoln's Killer

6. Teaching Transitions in Writing

For me, teaching transitions is one of the most difficult concepts to teach in writing and one of the most needed. When you teach transitions, you are helping students learn how to write smoothly, to make their ideas flow from one paragraph to the next, even from one sentence to the next.

In short, we’re talking about the concept of cohesion in writing. As you know, cohesion happens when an idea is carried through from the introductory paragraph(s) to the supporting sections of the text and finally, to the summary or conclusion. There are two ways to accomplish cohesion: transition words and ideas as transitions…

Two girls, one a teen and one ten years old, wear masks during Covid-19

7. Corona Virus Acrostic Poems Perk Up Distance Learning

My students learned at home from March 17 until yesterday when the school year officially ended. As part of their distance learning, I asked students to write a couple of paragraphs every other day or so for a “Life in the Time of Corona” journal.

This journal will document their personal experience during the global pandemic.

I got the idea for students to create these journals thanks to a tweet from Kelly Gallagher in March. Here’s the assignment sheet I created to guide students through the journal assignment…

Graphic essays displayed on a bulletin board in a middle school classroom

8. Graphic Essays Add Variety and Visual Creativity

During spring 2019, I assigned graphic essays to my eighth-graders after they finished reading Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. This incredible book, which provides Douglass’ first-hand account of the horrors and traumas of American slavery, provides a reading experience that is both sobering and inspiring. In short, Douglass’ narrative is a lot to take in.

For my students, I felt graphic essays would: 1) offer a break from traditional essay writing; 2) help students discuss theme with evidence and their own commentary; 3) allow students to discuss symbolism; and 4) allow students to get creative and apply their artistic skills…

A movie poster for The Natural, a movie with a clip that works well when teaching high school students to "explode a moment"

9. Use this Movie Clip to Teach High School Writers How to “Explode a Moment”

For some reason, young writers seem to want to write as little as possible when describing a scene. I read descriptions as sparse as this example: I shot the ball and it went in and everybody freaked out. However, when kids see the effectiveness of exploding a moment, they’ll surprise themselves with how much description they can generate.

About a year ago, I wrote this post about a mini-lesson where my students watched a slow-motion video clip from writer and author Barry Lane’s YouTube channel. We watched the clip in five- to ten-second second segments. Following each segment, I would pause the video and…

Three teenagers use Padlet on a  computer laptop

10. Pros and Cons of Padlet

Yesterday, I wrote about six assignments I am using to test-drive the discussion board app called Padlet. Click here for a link to that post. Read on for my first impressions in the form of pros and cons.

While I’m using it now for distance learning during my school’s COVID-19 closing, I really think it will have more optimal use in the classroom. For example, I can envision projecting a Padlet on my whiteboard as students work so they can see their comments publish immediately, as well as those of others…

Students write in notebooks and on a laptop computer during writer's workshop

11. Here’s What Writer’s Workshop Looks Like in My Middle School Classroom

Since I began teaching seven years ago, I’ve learned that sometimes it may be necessary to try something new — a new technique, curriculum unit, or simply a new idea — more than once in order to fairly assess its effectiveness.

Usually, the first time I try anything, it fizzles. At the conclusion of the semester, when students were turning in their final drafts of their projects, I was glad Writer’s Workshop (WW) was finally over. I didn’t like the unstructured nature of class time that the workshop encouraged. Perhaps my classroom management skills weren’t up to par, or perhaps I’ve just relaxed a little since then. Perhaps it’s a bit of both, but the less structured nature doesn’t concern me like it used to because…

A photo of a book bento for the book, The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank

12. Book Bentos: My First Attempt

To conclude first quarter, my independent reading class usually produces some kind of summative project for a book they read during the previous eight weeks. This fall, instead of the usual book report, I came across the “book bento” idea in a private Facebook group. It basically takes the look of a bento, a common Japanese to-go meal, and applies it to a book. Instead of an arrangement of individual food portions, it’s an arrangement comprised of a book surrounded by tangible objects that connect to the book.

A bento is “single-portion boxed meal that is usually…


Thanks for reading! Please let me know, by the way, if you’d like to request an article on a certain topic or novel or assignment, PBL idea… you name it. I would love to find out more for you and possibly turn your request into a future post. Just reach out to me by leaving a comment to this post or sending me a message via my Contact page. I will do my best to meet your needs! See you next week!


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An Idea’s Best Friend: “In other words,”

Idea development depends on this transition phrase

This week, my junior classes worked on their theme analysis essays. These essays serve as a final flourish to our unit on James Thurber’s short story, “The Secret Life of Walter Mitty,” and the 2013 movie by the same name.

Marilyn Yung of ELA Brave and True holds a sign that says "What's in this post:"

A link to my free “In other words” handout on TpT

The skinny on how I used this in class last week

The Secret Life of Walter Mitty 2013 movie image

Each day last week, I started class with a mini-lesson on a specific focus area. On Thursday, we discussed idea development. For students to effectively and thoroughly flesh out ideas in writing, it’s helpful if they know concrete ways to do just that. Explicitly offering students this phrase is akin to methodology from the Writing Revolution, where other phrases such as specificallyfor instance, and for example, help students add detail to their writing.

My best and easiest-way-ever tip that encourages students to more thoroughly discuss their ideas?

In other words,

Yep, that’s right. Nothing fancy here.

But it’s also a sure-fire phrase that, as I tell students, will automatically prompt them to elaborate and flesh out their ideas. It’s the catalyst that will help them stay at the scene of their evidence and interpret, elaborate, explain, reiterate, reinforce, and develop that idea to the moon and back.

Here’s a photo of a handout I made that we read in class:

English class handout that explains how student writers can improve their writing with the transition, "In other words,..."
Download a free PDF of this file here.

Again, it’s nothing fancy. Just a little handout to serve as a reminder that “In other words,” placed after a quote or paraphrase from a text will provide some breathing space for that idea so the writer can dwell on it, amplify it, get to the heart of it.

Click here to download this free handout from TpT.

I pulled a quote from James Swanson’s Chasing Lincoln’s Killer to create this example for the handout, which shows some interpretation sparked by the sentence that begins, “In other words,…”

Swanson also investigates and questions the notion of security in his historical novel. It’s an interesting idea to think about, especially for today’s young readers who have grown up in an America with a pre-existing Dept. of Homeland Security — a world navigated with metal detectors, checkpoints, and smart I.D.’s. In the late 1800s, this was not always the case. Swanson writes, “Incredibly, presidential security was very weak in that era. Almost anyone could walk into the Executive Mansion without being searched and request a brief meeting with the president. It was a miracle that no one had yet tried to murder Lincoln in his own office.” In other words, perhaps luck had been on Lincoln’s side during those final days of the Civil War. It was luck, not procedures, that had prevented a presidential assassination. Destiny,  not security personnel, had been the president’s saving grace.

Note that the quote is supported first by the sentence that begins “In other words,…”, which then prompts two additional sentences that build on, expound, and reinforce the idea of the quote.

And of course, there are alternatives to “In other words,…”. As shown on the handout, there are these options:

  • This passage reveals…
  • To phrase it simply,…
  • In simpler terms, one could also say…
  • The author’s point is that…
  • Worded differently,…

Again, it’s fairly straightforward, but for students, it’s easy to overlook.

High school student working on computer

Perhaps they think they’re being redundant, or needlessly explanatory. I always tell them, you can never be too obvious when you develop and support your ideas. When you think you’ve said too much to explain yourself, go ahead and write a little more. You can always edit it down later.

And true, the best writing says the most with the fewest words. But for high school students (mine anyway), there’s a presumption that the reader will follow along and fill in the blanks.

My response to that is: Why leave any blanks? Why assume the reader will want to work to figure out what you’re trying to say?

Why potentially lose the reader to the confusion or distraction that results when they fail to follow your train of thought?

It’s better to never confuse, distract, or otherwise lose the reader at all.

“In other words,…” will help you do just that.


Thanks for reading! Stay tuned for two weeks from now when I plan to share some resources for my Walter Mitty unit. I start the unit right before Christmas break and then extend it well into January. It’s an awesome way to start the new year!



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Ekphrastic poem mentor texts by high school students

Use art to hone descriptive writing skills

Six examples of ekphrastic poems written by my students

Images of the artworks that inspired each poem

A link to my mini-lesson handout

In November, I posted about a lesson I was planning to teach on ekphrastic poetry. Well, I’m happy to say that the lesson was taught and the poems were written. At the conclusion of that previous post, I indicated that I would soon pass along to you some examples of the poems written by my students. This post will do just that.

In case you’re unfamiliar with ekphrastic poetry…

An ekphrastic poem is a poem written in response to or about a work of art. These poems will naturally hone your students’ descriptive writing skills, as well as help them engage creatively with art and words.

For a classic ekphrastic poem, show students Ode on a Grecian Urn by the Romantic Era poet John Keats.

According to the Poetry Foundation website

“An ekphrastic poem is a vivid description of a scene or, more commonly, a work of art. Through the imaginative act of narrating and reflecting on the ‘action’ of a painting or sculpture, the poet may amplify and expand its meaning.”

Poetry Foundation

Without further ado, six of my students’ poems from that November lesson appear below. (Feel free to use them as examples for your students as they embark on creating their own ekphrastic poems.)

It’s amazing how each artwork below reflects the unique interests of each of these students.







Here’s the link to the handout:

Here’s the link to the ekphrastic poetry handout I created for my classes. And by the way, this was also a project students could choose for our writer’s workshop portfolios! If you choose to incorporate an ekphrastic poem into your workshop, this handout makes a great info sheet for students to reference as they work.

One more note: I recommend that students NOT randomly search “Google images” for art, but to instead peruse Google Arts and Culture for a juried source of masterworks.

Lastly…

…for many students, viewing and responding to art is uncharted territory. To that end, ekphrastic poetry is a good way to expose students to art they might never have reason to investigate or ponder.

Marilyn Yung

In addition, I like that ekphrastic poetry shows high school students a new way to express themselves while developing their descriptive writing skills and providing practice in word choice, imagery, and sensory language.

If you’ve never tried ekphrastic poetry with your students, give it a try.

I think you’ll all enjoy it! Thanks for reading!


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